![]() The first patent for a delta-wing aircraft design was granted to Englishmen J.W. Their primary advantage is efficiency in high-speed flight. Despite the fact that paper airplanes have delta wings and appear to fly quite well when launched from a height, delta wings actually perform poorly at low speeds and often are unstable (i.e., they do not stay in level flight on their own). Often delta-wing airplanes lack horizontal stabilizers. It sweeps sharply back from the fuselage with the angle between the leading edge (the front) of the wing often as high as 60 degrees and the angle between the fuselage and the trailing edge of the wing at around 90 degrees. The delta wing story provides an excellent example.Ī delta wing is a wing whose shape when viewed from above looks like a triangle, often with its tip cut off. Sometimes, a technology persists despite its problems and eventually is rescued by other technologies. Variable geometry wing: The variable geometry wing is a wing whose shape can be changed during flight, in order to make an aircraft capable of operating at different speeds without loss of efficiency.The delta wings can easily be seen on this photograph of the Shuttle orbiter Columbia. Benefits are similar to backwards sweep, also it avoids the stall problems and has reduced tip losses allowing a smaller wing, but requires even greater stiffness to avoid aeroelastic flutter. Forward swept :the wing angles forward from the root. At transonic speeds swept wings have lower drag, but can handle badly in or near a stall and require high stiffness to avoid aeroelasticity at high speeds. In early tailless examples, such as the Dunne aircraft, this allowed the outer wing section to act like a conventional empennage (tail) to provide aerodynamic stability. Swept back (aka "swept wing") : The wing sweeps rearwards from the root to the tip. The most structurally-efficient wing, it has been common for low-speed designs since the very first days. Straight : extends at right angles to the line of flight. A small degree of sweep is sometimes used to adjust the centre of lift when the wing cannot be attached in the ideal position for some reason, such as a pilot's visibility from the cockpit. Wings may be swept back, or occasionally forwards, for a variety of reasons. ![]() The most important disadvantage is that its manufacturability is poor. Elliptical : aerodynamically, the elliptical planform is the most efficient as elliptical spanwise lift distribution has the lowest possible induced drag. The straight tapered wing is one of the most common wing planforms. Trapezoidal : a tapered wing with straight leading and trailing edges: may be unswept or swept. Common variant seen for example on many Cessna types. Constant chord with Tapered Outer : his is midway between the rectangular and the tapered wing. Simplest to make, and common where low cost is important. ![]() Chord variation along spanĬonstant chord : parallel leading & trailing edges. The wing tip may be square, rounded, or even pointed. One or both edges may be tapered so that the wing is narrower at the tip than at the root where it joins the fuselage. ![]() Both the leading edge and the trailing edge of the wing may be straight or curved, or one edge may be straight and the other curved. ![]() Control at various operating speeds, the amount of lift generated, balance, and stability all change as the shape of the wing is altered. Wing design can vary to provide certain desirable flight characteristics. ![]()
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